In 2012, total production of baby formula by domestic producers was 600,000 tons, and imported milk powder was about 90,000 tons, accounting for 15 percent of domestic production, said Teng Jiacai, deputy head of China Food and Drug Administration.
"Average consumption of dairy products in China was only 28 kg last year, far below many other countries," said Song Liang, a researcher on dairy industry at the Distribution Productivity Promotion Center of China Commerce. Due to limited sources and environmental pollution, the cost for raising cows has been increasing in recent years, which results in higher prices for milk, Song said.
For example, a kg of raw milk sells at about 3.4 yuan ($.55) in China, but at less than 3 yuan in Australia, he said.
"Besides, most raw milk in China is produced by small farms or individual farmers, making it hard to ensure high quality," he said.
Food safety is also a public concern, and milk scandals in recent years have greatly dampened consumers' confidence.
One incident, in which melamine, a poisonous chemical, was added to milk to make it seem rich in protein during quality tests, left 300,000 babies sick and caused six deaths nationwide in 2008.
The incident prompted government to take more strict measures in supervising the industry, including shutting down a number of factories and setting new standards.
According to a survey conducted by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine between 2011 and 2012, which sampled 128,240 batches of dairy products, 99.74 percent met the standards.
Despite progress, public confidence in domestic milk is still recovering. Sales of foreign-brand milk accounted for more than 85 percent of total milk-powder consumption in major cities, according to Wang.
"The biggest obstacle to China's dairy industry is the lack of trust from consumers," he said. "Restoring confidence is the most important thing the industry needs to do for its healthy development."
"Investing abroad reduce risks, compared with relying on import, which brings risks like price manipulation by sellers."
Using international sources can contribute to a healthy and sustainable development of China's dairy industry, and risks of operating in the international market are lower than any other time in history, he said.
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